The 2021 Affordability Report, released in December 2021, takes stock of connectivity trends today to suggest a new future for Universal Service & Access Funds. It builds from broader theories of industrial policy — namely the ‘moonshot thinking’ that relates to the public-private partnerships that sent the first human beings to the moon — to re-examine the shortcomings of USAFs today and propose new ways forward for these institutions.
![](https://a4ai.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Webfoundation-01-1.jpg)
Affordability Report 2021 (PDF)
![](https://a4ai.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Webfoundation-01-1.jpg)
Affordability Report 2021 (HTML)
![](https://a4ai.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Webfoundation-01-1.jpg)
Highlights 2021: Bangladesh
![](https://a4ai.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Webfoundation-01-1.jpg)
Executive Summary (English)
![](https://a4ai.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Webfoundation-01-1.jpg)
Executive Summary (Spanish)
![](https://a4ai.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Webfoundation-01-1.jpg)